氟代烃类发泡剂的研究进展

Progress in fluorocarbon blowing agent

氟代烃类具有沸程短、发泡效率高、与发泡基质溶解性好等特点,因其独特的保温性能广泛应用于聚氨酯材料。由于CFCs、HCFCs发泡剂破坏臭氧层,而HFCs类发泡剂温室效应显著,新型发泡剂的设计研发备受氟化工行业关注。本文通过对氟代烃制备方法及降解过程的介绍,综述了此类发泡剂分子结构的演变历程,指出新型发泡分子可能具有的结构特征:①碳链更长;②具有C—O、C=C等键;③分子内氟原子含量更多。设计时,通过计算化学精确预估化合物的物化性能,减少实验工作量;合成时,采用酯化、加氢等新工艺高效引入C—O、C=C等键;改进氟化催化体系,提高氟源转化率等方面研究,是含氟发泡剂设计合成研究的发展方向。

Several fluorocarbons have been used as a blowing agent（BA） with short boiling range,high blowing efficiency,good compatibility and chemical stability,where thermal insulation is the main priority. CFCs and HCFCs which belong to the ozone depletion substances destroy stratosphere ozone via photochemical cycles,and HFCs will alter the radiation balance of earth＇s atmosphere due to the build up of infrared absorbing. Designation and composition blowing molecules that meet both environment and economy is thus needed. The review starts with a brief introduction on the improvement of molecule structure of fluorocarbons,as well as their synthetic methods. The new generation alternatives characterized as：longer carbon chain,involving C—O or C=C bonds,and containing more fluorine atoms. A large mount of experimental works could be minimized by computational chemistry and structure–property relationship analysis,more effective and economical catalytic fluorination manufacturing process is always favored,and some other features including toxicity,physical property,environment assessment,engineering process are also of fundamental importance.