土方与主体结构施工过程扬尘监测对比研究

Monitoring and comparative analysis of construction dust at earthwork and main structure construction stages

为提出针对建筑施工扬尘的防控措施,保障施工人员的职业健康安全,选择北京市典型住宅建设施工项目,在土方和主体结构阶段主要施工区域布置扬尘浓度采集点位,并进行现场监测,根据实地监测数据研究其扬尘分布规律,对比分析相同施工活动在不同施工阶段的扬尘排放特点。结果表明:不同施工阶段不同施工活动排放的扬尘浓度存在显著差异,主体结构阶段比土方阶段扬尘浓度低且排放强度平稳,在这2个施工阶段中,道路两侧和钢筋加工区是受扬尘严重污染的区域。

Understanding the construction dust distribution law is premise of putting forward effective prevention and control measures and protecting occupational health of field workers. For this purpose,typical residential building projects in Beijing were chosen as samples for monitoring the fluctuant dust concentrations at some specific investigation points at earthwork stage and main structure construction stage.With the monitoring data,a comparative analysis was conducted to reveal the construction dust distribution laws and dust release traits among construction activities at two stages. Results show that there are obvious differences in dust pollution among various construction activities at two stages,that emission concentration of construction dust due to main structure construction is lower and emission intensity is more stable when compared with those due to earthwork,and that among all the monitoring zones,steel processing zone and road sides are the most dust-polluted at both stages.