湖北省2006-2012年麻疹流行病学特征分析研究

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Hubei province,2006-2012

目的研究湖北省麻疹疫情现状及流行病学特征,为完善麻疹的防疫策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学研究方法,对湖北省2006-2012年报告的麻疹病例进行分析,探究影响湖北省麻疹流行特征的相关因素。结果7年内监测报告系统中共报告疑似麻疹604例,实验室诊断2 520例,临床诊断12 868例,共诊断麻疹病例15 388例,其中15岁以下报告病例为12 156例;2006-2009年为高发年,其年发病率分别为4.02/105、6.42/105、6.88/105、7.01/105,总体上呈现高度散发的状态;全年以4、5月份为高发月份,5月份为发病高峰;男女性别比1.74∶1;年龄分布中小年龄组所占的比例较大,最小年龄24d;在预防接种史中,2009-2012年监测数据中无免疫史者分别占总病例数的30.29%、29.41%、33.72%和66.83%;散居儿童8 634例,占56.10%;学生2 482例,占16.13%。结论提高麻疹疫苗的接种率、免疫的成功率和查漏补种是降低麻疹发病率甚至消除麻疹的关键措施,加强小月龄的常规免疫及免疫策略的应对对湖北省麻疹免疫规划工作尤为重要。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Hubei Province,and to provide a scientific basis for measles elimination strategies. Methods By descriptive epidemiology research methods,measles cases reported in Hubei Province 2006 -2012 were analyzed to explore factors influencing the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Huhei Province. Results CCP monitoring reporting system reported 604 cases of suspected measles in 7 years, 15 388 cases were diagnosed measles cases,2 520 cases of laboratory diagnosis,12 868 cases of clinical diagnosis,12 156 ca- ses were reported under 15 years old; Annual incidence rates were 4.02/10^5 , 6.42/10^5 , 6.88/10^5 and 7.01/10^5 in 2006- 2009, showing the state of the overall height of sporadic;Different months had occurred throughout the year, which was high in April and May,the peak of incidence in May;Sex ratio 1.74 ： 1;Larger proportion of small age group,the minimum age was 24 d;In the vaccination history from 2009 to 2012, case without history of immune were 30.29 %, 29.41%,33.72%, 66.83% respectively in monitoring data; 8 634 cases were scattered children, accounting for 56. 10%0;2 482 cases were students, accounting for 16.13 %. Conclusions Improving vaccination rates for measles vaccine, the success rate of immu- nization and leak replant are the key measures in reducing or eliminating the incidence of measles,strengthen routine immunization in young age and immune response strategies for measles immunization program in Hubei province is especially important.