儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与哮喘及过敏性疾病关系的病例对照研究

Case-control study on the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and asthma and allergic disease in children

目的探讨儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与哮喘及过敏性疾病的关系,为寻找注意缺陷多动障碍病因提供依据。方法采用1∶1匹配病例对照研究,对278例注意缺陷多动障碍儿童和278例正常儿童进行哮喘及过敏性疾病的调查。对相关的危险因素采用单因素χ2检验,多因素条件Logistic回归分析。结果病例组儿童哮喘、湿疹患病率与对照组差异无统计学意义（2.9%与1.1%和4.3%与1.8%,P〉0.05）;病例组有持续6个月发痒/疹子、曾经诊断鼻炎、近一年有哮喘症状的、及经常有流涕、眼痒、鼻塞等过敏现象的发生率显著性高于对照组（P〈0.05）。条件Logistic回归分析,过敏性鼻炎（P=0.029,OR=2.021,95%CI：1.074-3.803）及经常有流涕、眼痒、鼻塞（P=0.012,OR=1.863,95%CI：1.147～3.024）是ADHD的危险因素。结论儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与过敏性鼻炎及经常有流涕、眼痒、鼻塞的发生存在相关性,而与哮喘及湿疹发生的关系需进一步研究确定。

Objective To explore the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） and asthma and allergic disease in children. Methods A 1 ： 1 matched case-control study of 278 children with ADHD and 278 normal children were investigated in asthma and allergic disease. The Chi-square test was used to test single factors while multi-fac- tors inspection was test by conditional Logistic regression analysis. Results The suffering from asthma and eczema in ca- ses and control group had no significant difference （2.9% vs 1.1%,4.3% vs 1.8%,respectively,P〉0.05）. The incidence of allergic phenomenon such as itchy rash for six months,once diagnosed rhinitis,recent one year to have asthma symptom, and often have a runny nose,itchy eyes,nasal congestion were significantly higher than those of control group （P〈0.05）. Allergic rhinitis （P=0. 029,0R=2. 021,95%CI：1. 074-3. 803） ,and often have a runny nose,eye itching,nasal congestion （P= 0. 012 ,OR= 1. 863,95 %CI：1. 147-3. 024） were risk factors for ADHD by conditional Logistic regression analysis. Conclusions Allergic rhinitis with a runny nose,itchy eyes, nasal congestion are associated with ADHD. Further studies need to be done in exploring the relationship of asthma or eczema with ADHD.