城市老小区居民自治及其小区组织化——对X小区安全自治实践及其社区治理基础的思考

Urban Resident Autonomy and Community Organization in Old Communities: Reflections on X Community's Practice of Community Governance and Autonomy

小区是社区的基础,小区组织化是小区自治的基础,也是社区居民自治的基础。小区组织化与社区组织化存在着差异。X小区十年间三次引进物业管理公司开展市场化运作,前两次都失败了,第三次获得了成功。考察失败的原因和成功的经验都在于小区组织体系是否完善及运行状况是否良好。通过组织化,把居民参与社区建设纳入组织体系,在组织化过程中让居民接受社区建设教育,逐步形成社区建设的新文化、新传统,才是社区建设的通途。实践和研究发现:小区组织力量是发现、培育和积累的过程,小区组织化需要相应的社区治理理念建设,小区组织化是多元主体共同努力的过程和结果,小区组织化发展要抓住时机和注重策略。

As residential complexes the component of community,so are complex-based organizations the foundation of community autonomy. Complex-based organization is differentiated from community organization. The X Complex has tried to introduce management companies to carry out market-oriented operation three times in ten years,with the first two attempts failed while the third one is a success. Reasons for the previous failure and the later success lie both in the running of community organization. Through the organization,residents participate and gain experiences in community management and gradually develop a new community culture. Both practice and research have demonstrated that the power of community organization should be explored,nurtured and accumulated through the construction of community governance and the joint efforts of multiple subjects. Opportunities and working skills should be attached more importance to develop the organization.