高粱抗旱种质筛选及遗传多样性的SSR分析

Drought Resistance Screening and Genetic Diversity by SSR Markers in Sorghum

对61份高粱育种材料进行了抗旱性鉴定,旨在筛选既有较好抗旱性能又具较高丰产性能的高粱种质供育种利用。本研究筛选出抗旱性3级以上的材料14份,其中1级抗旱材料2份。选用109对SSR引物对61份高粱种质进行了遗传多样性分析,结果表明51对引物有较好的多态性,共扩增到508个等位变异片段,平均每个标记获得10个等位基因,多态性信息量（PIC）值平均为0.6615,变幅0.0322～0.9134。聚类分析结果表明,61份高粱材料聚成4类,聚类结果与根据地理来源、遗传背景的分类结果基本一致。中国高粱恢复系之间的遗传距离较近,说明我国目前的恢复系材料遗传基础狭窄,应在育种中拓宽恢复系的遗传基础。

Sixty-one sorghum germplasm resources were evaluated on dry and irrigated land in order to identify those with high drought resistance and superior yield performance for sorghum breeding. The results showed that 14materials were drought resistant above grade 3,of which 2 were grade 1. Meanwhile,in order to study the genetic variation of sorghum at molecular level,109 simple sequence repeat（ SSR） markers were explored to characterize those germplasm resources. The results revealed that 51 pairs of SSR markers were highly polymorphic,and 508 alleles were amplified with the average of 10 alleles per marker. The mean polymorphism information content（ PIC）was 0. 6615 with an range from 0. 0322 to 0. 9134. The sorghum materials were classified into 4 groups based on the SSR experiments. The clustered results were similar with those based on geographical origins and genetic backgrounds. Genetic distances among chinese sorghum restorers were relatively close that indicating they had a narrow genetic basis. It was suggested that the genetic basis of the restorer lines should be broaden in future breeding program.