华人体育休闲行为现状的文化适应性探析

Analysis of Acculturation and Chinese Immigrants Sport and Recreational Behaviors

通过问卷调查和人种志研究发现,华人体育休闲行为符合文化适应过程,提出移民的体育休闲行为与移民年限的单峰分布模型:1)华人体育休闲行为现状特征表现为:倾向于室内体育休闲健身,较少的户外体育活动;体育休闲行为水平受移民年限的影响,具有相关性;倾向于和同种族群体一起的体育休闲行为或者个人单独行动;社会影响因子检验中,性别差异显著,女性受家庭影响为主,男性受互联网和媒体影响为主;2)文化适应的条件体现于美国社会文化环境对华人体育休闲行为的制约因素,社会文化因素中"对美国体育项目不熟悉"是制约美国华人体育休闲行为的主因;3)体育休闲行为符合文化适应的双方向性,即对本源体育文化的维护和对主流体育文化的适应。

Studying the pattern of sport and recreational behaviors of the first generation Chinese immigrants in the United States and the role of these activities in their adjustment process when sport environment and social environment has completely changed has significant imple- ments to sport industries and to sport and recreational theories. Results from questionnaires and ethnographic study showed that 1） Chinese immigrants prefer indoor recreational activities to outdoor activities;their recreational behavior was related to the years of their immigration; they preferred to play with people from the same ethnic group or just do individual activity; significant gender difference was found in social influential agents, family was primary to women and internet and media was primary to men. 2） Social and culture norms in the U. S. constraint Chinese immigrants ＇sport participation and ＂not familiar with popular sports in the U. S. ＂ was a primary constraint. 3）The change of Chinese immigrants ＇ sport and recreational behavior pattern fits the acculturation conceptual models.