北京市通州区某社区500名6岁以下儿童家长免疫接种知识知晓率分析

Analysis of immunization knowledge among 500 parents for children under 6-year old in a community of Tongzhou district,Beijing

目的调查与分析北京市通州区儿童家长免疫接种知识知晓率及影响因素,为免疫规划工作顺利实施、提高儿童家长认知水平提供基础数据。方法于2013年10～12月,对来张家湾社区卫生服务中心接种疫苗的0～6岁儿童的家长进行自填式问卷调查,对其结果采用Epidata数据库进行录入,用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果儿童家长免疫接种相关知识总知晓率为63.1%。其中,＂乙肝疫苗能够预防哪种疾病＂的知晓率最高,达84.0%,其次为＂什么情况下禁止接种疫苗＂为70.2%,＂1岁以内儿童需接种几种疫苗＂知晓率最低,为48.6%。对不同户籍人口的知识知晓率进行卡方检验,差异均无统计学意义;对不同文化程度人群的免疫接种知识知晓情况进行比较,各项知识的差异均有统计学意义。儿童家长获得免疫接种知识主要通过接种门诊医生告知,占22.31%,其次为阅读宣传资料,电视、网络、广播等媒体途径获得的比例占19.8%。结论此次调查结果提示在今后的工作中应该丰富免疫接种宣传内容,扩大免疫接种知识宣传人群覆盖范围,更好利用免疫接种门诊的同时增加其他有效的宣传途径,从而促进免疫接种工作的顺利开展。

Objective To investigate the awareness about vaccination of children＇s parents and its influence factors in the community of Tongzhou District,therefore to provide basic evidence for immunization programme implementation and knowledge improvement. Methods Parents of children under 6 years old were investigated through questionnaire,who visited vaccination clinic in Zhangjiawan Community Health Service Center during the period of October to December 2013. Data was recorded and analysed by Epidata and SPSS17. 0. Results The total awareness rate of children＇s parents about immunization knowledge was 63. 1%. The highest rate was awareness of vaccine preventable disease,followed by vaccine contraindications and the kinds of vaccines for children within 1-year old. The top three awareness rates were 84. 0%,70. 2% and 48. 6%respectively. Knowledge awareness of parents with different household registrations had no significant difference,however,there was difference between the parents with different educational backgrounds. The results were analysed by chi-square test.Children＇s parents got immunization knowledge mainly through vaccination clinic doctors,which accounted for 22. 31%. Other media ways including publicity materials. television,network and radio accounted for 19. 8%. Conclusion The results of study suggested that we should work to enrich the content and to enlarge the coverage of the crowd of immunization knowledge propaganda in the future. To make better use of the vaccination clinics,at the same time,it needs increasing other effective ways for publicity and education to insure the vaccination work proceed smoothly.