海洋生态灾害频发的根源:基于经济学视角的分析

The Root of the Marine Ecological Disasters: Based on the Analysis of Economic Perspective

海洋生态灾害对经济发展的影响日益加深,在发展海洋经济的过程中,如何最大限度降低海洋生态灾害发生的频率,已经成为当今世界面临的极其严峻的问题。只有弄清这些生态灾害背后的根源,才能从本质上认清海洋生态灾害产生、发展和运动的规律,为海洋生态灾害的防治提供科学依据。文章从海洋生态灾害的共性出发,从"市场失灵"和"政府失灵"的角度探讨海洋生态灾害频发的根源,试图寻找有效规范人类行为的制度安排,把海洋生态灾害的影响程度降到最低。

The marine ecological disasters have put an increasing influence on the development of the economy. In the process of development marine economy how to minimize the frequency of the marine ecological disasters has become an extremely serious problem in the world. Only by finding out the root causes of such ecological disasters can we recognize the formation, development and movement rules of the marine ecological disasters, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and controlling of the marine ecological disasters. This paper starts from the commonness of marine ecological disasters, based on the perspective of the ＂market failure＂ and ＂government failure＂ to explore the root of the marine ecological disasters, trying to make effective institutional arrangement to minimize the impact of the marine ecological disasters.