解读安东尼·史密斯的族群-象征主义

An Interpretation of Anthony Smith's Ethnic-Symbolism

安东尼·史密斯是当代西方民族主义理论的重要作家之一,他发展了族群-象征主义研究范式,强调民族与民族主义形成与演进的族群基础,历史记忆等文化认同因素受到他的关注。史密斯既重视真实的历史记忆也重视作为话语权的历史记忆,强调二者在民族与民族主义的形成与演进过程中共同发挥了重要作用。在具体的阐释过程中,史密斯一方面将历史记忆看成相对恒定的,民族主义者们有大体相同的历史记忆指向;另一方面将历史记忆看成变动不居的,其在民族与民族主义形成之后依然在不同的层面发挥着不同的作用。

Anthony Smith is one of the most important writers in contemporary western nationalism theories.He criticized the perenniaIism,primordialism and modernism paradigm.He developed the ethnic-symbolism paradigm,emphasizing the ethnic basis of nation and nationalism.Smith not only attaches importance to the real historical memories but also historical memories as discourse.The two in the formation and evolution of nation and nationalism played important roles.In the process of interpretation,Smith argues that on the one hand,historical memories are relatively constant,so the nationalists have roughly the same historical memories points;on the other hand,the historical memories are unsettled,that in the evolution process of nation and nationalism,historical memories at different levels in different ways play different roles.