论完全代孕中子女身份归属的法律认定——从“子女最佳利益”原则出发

On Status of the Child by Gestational Surrogacy——Based on“Best Interests of the child”

完全代孕是指由受术妻子提供受精卵,由代理孕母孕育分娩子女的过程。完全代孕所生子女身份归属的认定应以"子女最佳利益"为指导原则。学界关于代孕所生子女身份归属的认定标准有"分娩说""当事人意愿说""子女最佳利益说"和"血缘说"。四种学说各有利弊,都不足以作为代孕子女身份归属的法律标准。本文在综合各理论的基础上提出修正的意思表示说,即在国家公权力监管下,基于子女利益、社会公共利益,尊重当事人意思自由的同时对意思自治进行必要限制。

Gestational surrogacy refers to pregnancy in which one woman provides the egg which is fertilized, and another woman carries the fetus and gives birth to the child. ＂Best interests of the child＂ should be the guiding principle on identifying the status of the child by gestational surrogacy. At present there are four standards in the academic circle on how to identify the child＇s status： ＂gestational motherhood standard＂, ＂intent based standard＂, ＂best interests standard＂, and ＂genetic provider standard＂. Each has its shortcomings and can＇t be used as legal standard. Considering these four standards, this article presents a ＂revised intent based standard＂. That is, under the supervision of the national public power and on the basis of the child＇s interests, social and public interests and respect of the litigant＇s intent freedom, necessary restrictions should be made on the intent autonomy.