黑暗三人格的两面性及心理机制解析

Dark Triad of Personality:Dual Effects and Mechanisms

马基雅维利主义、精神病态和自恋所共同具有的操控性、冷漠无情和自我中心等特质是独立于大五人格模型之外的、代表反社会性的人格特质群,被称之为"黑暗三人格(Dark Triad)"。黑暗三人格在个体层面所具有的适应价值与他们在集体层面所产生的破坏性之间的矛盾,使得它们成为近年来社会-人格和组织行为领域研究的热点。从个性的认知-情感系统和生命史理论的双重视角来解读黑暗三人格的内部动力机制,不仅有助于深入理解黑暗三人格个体对自我和他人的心理表征与情感反应模式,还能够从进化的观点认识黑暗三人格的行为动因与适应价值,为有效预测黑暗三人格个体在不同领域的行为表现提供科学指导。

The Dark Triad of personality, namely, machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, as a new personality cluster of unique but overlapping social malevolent traits were described in a general sense as manipulation, callousness, and self-centeredness. Paradoxical findings of their social function and work behavior at communal vs. agentic level made it an im- portant issue in social personality and organizational behavior. The present paper interpretats these paradoxical outcomes from the perspective of Mischel＇s cognitive-affective system of personality to understand their dynamic mental representations （e. g. ,self-and-other encoding ; social interaction style）and the affective mechanisms. It also utilizes the life history strategy for understanding the social adaptations and behavioral motivation per se. These comprehensive interpretations about the un- derlying mechanisms may lead us to predict their developmental changes along effective social adaptations.