形而上学对世界终极问题的追问及其深刻意蕴

Ultimate Quests Metaphysics Asks of the World & the Profound Meaning

形而上学对世界终极问题的追问是它有别于具体、实证科学,屹立于世界科学领域经久不衰的主要原因,又是推动人类认识不断前进的智慧之源。形而上学对终极问题的追问主要表现在对外部世界、对人与社会、对天人之际三个方面的追问。对外部世界的追问,认为只有以"无"作为宇宙万物的本原,才能正确说明宇宙的开端;对"理念"的追问,是要阐明理念与存在何者"在先"的问题。关于人的追问主要围绕"人是什么"和"如何看待人的死亡"两个问题展开;对社会的追问,主要考察了西方马克思主义代表人物关于社会存在的本体论观点。对天人之际的追问,揭示了中外哲学家的主要见解。形而上学对世界终极问题的追问,为科学的发展指明了研究方向,对社会的存在与发展及人生具有深刻指导及现实启示。

Metaphysics is differentiated from empirical science in its quest for pursuing the world＇s ultimate issues,an attempt which finds its place in the world of science. It is considered the source of wisdom to perpetuate the knowledge of mankind. The quest is actualized from three aspects：the outside world, the mankind versus the society, and the nature versus human being. For the quest of ＂non-being＂ in understanding the ＂outside world＂,it derives that the beginning of the universe can be correctly explained only if treating the ＂non-being＂ as the origin of the universe. For that of ＂the mankind versus the society＂ , it tends to clarify which of ＂idea＂ and ＂existence＂ occurs first. For that of ＂human being＂,the discussion is conducted in two respects ： ＂what is human？＂ and ＂how to look at death＂. Such questions hence inspire the direction for the development of scientific research,and ultimately provides guidance to the development of society and our lives.