“奠基”还是“重建”?——康德与启蒙运动的关系

The Laying of Foundation or Rebuilding:Kant's Relation with Enlightenment

康德对于十八世纪法国启蒙运动的态度是双重的:一方面,他作为德国启蒙运动的主将,对于法国启蒙运动所提出的自由、平等等社会政治理念持积极的拥护态度并为之进行了有力的辩护;但另一方面,他对于法国启蒙思想家关于这些理念的哲学论证并不感到满意,甚至持批判的态度。这种双重的态度决定了康德在启蒙中所起的推动作用并不是一种所谓的"奠基",而是一种"重建"。

Kant＇s attitude toward the Enlightenment of 18th Century＇s France was two-fold. On the one hand, as a dominate figure of the Enlightenment in German, Kant supported the progressive political ideas brought forward by French Enlightenment, such as the idea of freedom and equality, etc. On the other hand, he was not satisfied with the argument of the French thinkers for those ideas, and even took a critical view on them. This two-folded attitude shows that Kant＇s contribution to Enlightenment is that of rebuilding rather than laying foundation.