抨击与憧憬:晚清小说中的民族国家想象——以晚清谴责小说、翻新小说、科学小说为主

Imagination of the National State in the Late Qing Dynasty Fiction:With Condemnation Novel,Reinvented Fiction,Science Fiction as Primary Examples

晚清小说对民族国家的想象呈现出多向性特点,有对专制政体的批判和对立宪政体的赞颂,有对共和政体的抨击,有对"文明专制"政体的向往以及超越地球的极端想象。这种现象的形成,既是中国近代政治氛围使然,又与中国传统文化中的大同理想、西方文化中的进化论、科学主义、无政府主义等社会思潮的交互作用有关,也不能忽视梁启超的理论倡导与小说创作的影响。晚清小说中的民族国家想象,启迪后人以更合理、更有效的方式建设民族国家,思考中华民族的生存方式和生存空间,为中国现当代文学中的民族国家想象提供了借鉴。

The imagination of the national state in the late Qing Dynasty fiction assumes multi directionalcharacteristics. It criticizes despotism and eulogizes constitutionalism, and, at the same time, it attacksthe republican regime, and even yearns for a ＂civilized despotism＂ and extreme imaginations beyond theearth as well. The formation of this phenomenon is both the result of the political atmosphere of modemChina, and that of the interplay between the thought of great harmony in traditional Chinese euhure, andthe various social ideological trends in Western culture such as evolutionism, scientism, and anarchismand so on. And neither is the influence exerted by Liang Quichao＇ s theory and his novels to be ignored.All of these are rich in ideological connotations and literary values. That is, they have enlightened the future generations to build their national state in a more scientific and more reasonable way, and to ponderover the survival mode and living space of the Chinese nation. They have, too, demonstrated that modemintellectuals＇imagination of the Chinese regime in thethe national state in contemporary Chinese literature.future has provided reference for the imagination of