把满足等同于消费的困境以及人类的出路——莱斯对高集约度市场布局下的人类需求分析

The Dilemma of Equaling Consumption to Satisfaction and the Outlet of Human in Future——William Leiss' s Analysis of Human Needs in the High-intensity Market Setting

莱斯把满足等同于消费的生活方式看作高集约度市场的产物。他认为从商品消费中无法获得真正的满足,甚至还会造成更深的不满足感。把满足等同于消费损害了个人的身心健康,大量生产和消费带来的废弃物可能超过自然的承载力从而打破生态的动态平衡。为此就要减少消费、缩减生产规模、把人的满足引向生产活动。莱斯对需求特点的分析在生态马克思主义发展中具有里程碑的意义。他的批判性分析不仅有助于了解发达国家高消费所带来的一系列问题,对当代中国人也有启发价值。

The thought of William Leiss＇ s interpreting their needs exclusively as needs for commodities is the result of the high-intensity market setting.The measurement of satisfaction solely in terms of consumption is intrinsically confusing,even bring us more insatiability.This life style may damage individual body and psychology,and produce a great quantity of residuals which can not be dissipated by nature.We should reduce consumption,make the patterns of social and economic organization more decentralized,scaled-down,and stress that human satisfaction lies in production activity and not in consumption activity.Leiss＇ critical analysis of human need has great significant in the history of ecological Marxism,and can help us to understand the dilemma of high consumption in advanced nations,as well as provides some inspiration for us.