渤海湾南部海域生物体内的重金属含量与富集因素

Distribution and accumulation factors of heavy metals in organisms in southern Bohai Bay

分析了2013年5月渤海湾南部水域水体、沉积物、生物体中重金属的含量,评价了重金属在生物体内的富集情况。结果表明:调查海域水体中重金属含量低于Ⅱ类水质质量标准,沉积物中重金属含量低于Ⅰ类沉积物质量标准;生物体内重金属含量依次为Zn>Cu≈As>Cd>Pb>Hg;甲壳动物重金属含量普遍较高,软体动物次之,鱼类最低;脉红螺Rapana venosa的Cd含量超标,四角蛤蜊Mactra veneriformis和斑鰶Konosirus punctatus的As含量达标,其余生物的As含量全部超标,Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg含量达标;重金属的富集系数依次为As>Zn>Cu>Cd>Hg>Pb;甲壳类生物对重金属的富集能力最强,软体动物次之,鱼类最弱。研究表明,主动吸收、栖息环境和生物的食性是影响重金属在生物体内富集的主要因素。

The heavy metal contents were detected in sea water,sediments and organisms in southern Bohai Bay in May in 2013 to evaluate the accumulation of heavy metals in organisms.It was found that there were lower heavy metal contents in the waters than the amount in Water Quality Standard Ⅱand lower heavy metal contents in the sediments than the amount in Water Quality Standard Ⅰ.The range of heavy metal contents in organisms was in descending order described as Zn Cu≈As Cd Pb Hg.The maximal heavy metal contents were observed in crustaceans,followed by in molluscs,and the minimum in fish.The content of Cd in Rapana venosa was found to exceed the standard,and the contents of As in organisms exceed the standard except clam Mactra veneriformis and Konosirus punctatus.The contents of Cu,Pb,Zn and Hg were all within the standard.The descending order of heavy metal accumulation coefficient was expressed as As Zn Cu Cd Hg Pb,the maximum in crustaceans,followed by mollusks and the minimum by fish.The primarily factors affecting heavy metal accumulation were of active absorption,feeding,and habitat.