典型海湾生态环境综合整治对策的初步研究——以辽宁省锦州湾和葫芦山湾为例

Integrated restoration of ecological environments in typical bays:in a case of Jinzhou Bay and Hulushan Bay in Liaoning Province

以辽宁省锦州湾和葫芦山湾为研究案例,从海湾岸线、水质环境、水动力环境和生态功能4个方面论述了海湾生态环境的现状,对海湾水动力改变的影响及评价进行了分析和研究。结果表明:锦州湾和葫芦山湾海湾自然岸线和面积减小、水质超标、水动力交换能力下降、生态功能受损,锦州湾的开发利用对海湾水动力环境和生态环境的影响比葫芦山湾大,应优先开展整治。应从综合整治规划、重点岸线集中整治、湿地生态资源整治、海岛功能恢复、海水污染综合治理、海洋环境保护教育6个方面开展综合整治海湾,才能够有效改善海湾的水动力环境和生态环境,从而达到海湾资源可持续发展的目标。

The ecological environments including bay coastline,water quality,hydrodynamic environment and ecological function were described and the effects of bay ecological environments on changes in hydrodynamic environment were studied and evaluated in Jinzhou Bay and Hulushan Bay in Liaoning Province.It was found that the natural coastline and area were reduced,the quality environment was become worse,the water exchange was descended,and ecological function was impaired in both bays.There were more serious effects on hydrodynamic environment and water quality in Jinzhou Bay than in Hulushan Bay which should be priority to carry out comprehensive treatment.The findings suggest that comprehensive treatment be carried out including the comprehensive planning scheme,emphatic control of coastline,restoration of wetland resources,recovery of island,comprehensive treatment of pollution and environmental protection education to improve hydrodynamic environment and ecological environment for sustainable utilization of the bays.