从“物上负担”到“担保物权”的范式转换——以船员工资优先权之产生为视角的解释论

The transition of paradigm from the “encumbrance”to the “real right for security”——interpretation from the view of establishment of the seaman's lien for wages

依英美法"物上负担"的理论,船员工资优先权产生于"为船舶提供服务"的事实,而依大陆法系"担保物权"的理论,这一权利产生的依据则在于其所担保的工资债权。对此,应从比较法学中的"功能主义"立场出发,界定船员劳动之事实行为的性质,并由此提出补充适用《中华人民共和国物权法》第30条以确立船员工资优先权产生的法律效果,从而在真正意义上实现船员工资优先权从"物上负担"到"担保物权"的范式转换。

In the theory of＂encumbrance＂of common law,the establishment of seaman＇s lien for wages is because of the fact of＂service to the ship＂,while its legal grounds is the claim for wages secured by the lien in the norms of the civil law.Accordingly,it is well-advised that Article 30 of Property Law of the People＇s Republic of China is applied to the establishment of seaman＇s lien for wages,on the basis of the nature of seaman＇s work which is the factual act. In the view of comparative law,the transition of legal paradigm which is from the＂encumbrance＂to the＂real right for security＂could be accomplished in our current rules.