“尼哥领土与海洋争端案”评析及对南海问题的借鉴

The analysis and assessment of the ICJ Territorial and Maritime Dispute Case and its reference to South China Sea

国际法的客观性和个案裁断结果的公平性是国际法院法律适用过程独立的两大要素。尼加拉瓜和哥伦比亚之间的领土和边界争议案作为国际法院处理这一类争议的新近判例,反映了领土取得和海洋划界国际法规则解释和适用时对上述两因素的兼顾。法院在该案中,维持规则稳定性的同时也考虑到案情多样性。本案涉及的自然地理特征与中国南海地区的相似,法院对主权问题的处理方式实际上强化了中国对南海角度的主权主张,另一方面,因为南海问题的社会环境与本案有较大的差异,本案中适用的三阶段划界法目前不适宜用于解决南海问题。

The objective of international law and the equitable result of the individual case always stand on the opposite points of International Court of Justice（ ICJ） concerns. The territorial and maritime dispute between Nicaragua and Columbia of which the ICJ recently disposed,indicates the court approach of giving proper attention to both factors in interpreting and applying the general international law concerning territorial acquisition and maritime delimitation. In merit process,the court basically follows the general procedure while makes adjustments of rule application in necessary circumstances. By accepting various considerations in standard decision-making process,the court fulfills her purpose： the balance between an equitable result as well as the stability of rules. The geography of the case is similar to the natural feature of South China Sea（ SCS）.The court＇s manner of dealing with sovereignty issue in the present case practically consolidates China＇s claims to the disputed islands in SCS. Due to the existence of China＇s historical title in SCS,the three-stage methodology proposed in present case is not applicable in resolving SCS disputes under contemporary context.