干法和湿法猪发酵床垫料中磷的变化规律研究

Variation of Phosphorus in Dry and Wet Deep-Litter Pig Systems

为完善猪发酵床养殖技术及促进土壤对垫料中磷的利用,研究分析同等时间干法发酵床和湿法发酵床表层垫料、中层垫料和底层垫料中磷的变化情况。结果表明:(1)湿法发酵床垫料水分含量、温度极显著高于干法发酵床(35.54%&31.49%、34.87℃&31.91℃),垫料深度对水分含量、pH、温度有极显著影响(P<0.01),垫料中层温度最高;(2)湿法发酵床和干法发酵床总磷含量无差异(3.00%&3.43%);植酸磷极显著低于干法发酵床(21.04mg/kg&27.59mg/kg),有效磷极显著高于干法发酵床(94.22mg/kg&91.16mg/kg),垫料深度对总磷、植酸磷、有效磷有极显著影响(P<0.01);(3)湿法发酵床植酸酶、中性磷酸酶、脲酶活性高于干法发酵床(2.98U/L&2.56U/L、25.83mg/g&21.77mg/g、1.93U/L&1.88U/L),垫料深度对该三种酶活性有极显著影响(P<0.01);垫料中层总磷、植酸磷、有效磷含量及该三种酶活性最高。发酵床种类和垫料深度对垫料pH、植酸磷、植酸酶活性的互作极显著(P<0.01)。研究表明,发酵床中磷的降解主要发生在垫料中层,湿法发酵床更有利于垫料中磷的降解,干法发酵床在养殖过程中需增加垫料的湿度。

In order to improve the pig litter management and promote the use of phosphorus of litter in farmland, the study investigated the variation of phosphorus in surface, middle and bottom of dry deep lit- ter and wet deep litter with the same long time of use. It is found that water content and the temperature in wet litter were significantly higher than that in dry litter and litter depth had significant effect on the water content, pH and temperature （P〈O. 01）, among which the temperature in the middle was the high- est. There was no difference between the total phosphorus content in wet litter and in dry litter. Phytate phosphorus in wet litter was significantly lower than that in dry litter, but available phosphorus was in- verse （P〈0.01）. Litter depth had significant effect on total phosphorus, phytate phosphorus and availa- ble phosphorus （P〈0.01）. The activities of phytase and neutral phosphatase and urease in wet litter were higher than that in dry litter and litter depth had significant effect on the activities of the three enzymes （P〈0.01）. The contents of total phosphorus, phytate phosphorus, available phosphorus and the activities of the three enzymes were the highest in the middle. The interaction of litter sort and litter depth were signif- icant on pH, phytate phosphorus and phytase （P〈0.01）. The result indicates the degradation of phos- phorus in litters mainly occurred in the middle and wet litter was more beneficial to the degradation of phytate phosphorus than dry litter and the water content in dry litter should be increased in pig produc- tion.