胃转流术的动物模型选择及现状

The selection and current situation of animal models for gastric bypass

2型糖尿病是严重危害人类健康的慢性疾病,经过多年的临床及基础研究,证实了胃转流术(GBP)对2型糖尿病具有很好的治疗作用,但其机制尚未完全阐明。为了明确GBP治疗2型糖尿病的具体机制,运用动物模型研究其机制是必不可少的,而选择适宜的动物模型显得尤为重要。与广泛运用于动物研究中的2型糖尿病大鼠模型相比较,非啮齿类2型糖尿病动物模型具有以下优点:更加贴近人类生理,能够更好地模拟2型糖尿病的发病过程,更适宜外科手术操作。非啮齿类2型糖尿病动物模型主要通过动物本身的基因缺陷(自发性)、基因敲除技术、高脂饮食诱导、化学药物诱导四种方法建立。该篇综述着眼于GBP术的基础研究需求,总结了较为常用的2型糖尿病动物模型资料。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which is endangered the human＇s health seriously, people have confirmed that the gastric bypass surgery （GBP） has beneficial treatments effects on the type 2 diabetes mellitus by many years of clinical and basic research, however its mechanism is not clear. For explore the mechanism of the GBP, building animal models to study the mechanism is necessary, so it is particularly important to choose a suitable animal model. Compared with the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats model which are widely used in animal experiment, the non rodent type 2 diabetes meUitus animal models are more closed to human physiology, could better simulate the process of type 2 diabetes mellitus and more suitable for surgery operation. The non rodent type 2 diabetes meUitus animal models were mainly induced by the four methods： the genetic defect of the animal （spontaneity）, gene knockout technology, high fat diet-induced, chemical drug induced. For the needs of GBP basic research, this review summarized the data of the commonly used type 2 diabetes mellitus animal models.