苏联时代特权现象的制度根源及其启示——基于利益机制的分析

Systematical Causes of the Phenomenon of Privileges in the Soviet Union and Its Reflection

苏联时代实行的"官职等级名录制",揭示了苏联时代特权现象的制度化特点。依据于权力道德化的干部作风建设,而不是着眼于建立权力客观化利益机制的政治制度,官僚特权现象不但不能得到有效遏制,反而会借助于道德化的利益机制而滋生和蔓延开来。因此,通过政治体制改革适度引入竞争机制,同时建立相对公平的利益机制,清除制度性和政策性特权,将成为遏制特权现象的重要制度化机制,这就是从苏联反特权教训中得到的重要启示。

“List of o fficial ranks”prevalent in the Soviet Union reveals the systematic feature of the phenomenon of privileges. The Soviet Union didn’t establish a political system of interest mechanism with the objectification of power. Instead, it depend-ed on the moralization of power to construct the cadres’working style. As a result, the Soviet Union failed to effectively eradi-cate the phenomenon of privileges. What’s worse, the interest mechanism took the chance to develop and spread with the help of moralized power. We should obtain some experience and lessons from the fight against privileges in the Soviet Union. It’s of critical significance to introduce the competition mechanism by the reform of political system. We should also establish the comparatively fair interest mechanism, and eradicate the privileges granted by regulations and policies. All the above approaches will become an important institutional mechanism which can help to curb the phenomenon of privileges.