精神分裂症患者家属精神卫生知识及感知歧视调查

A cross sectional survey on the mental health knowledge and the perceived stigma among family members of patients with schizophrenia

目的了解精神分裂症患者家属精神卫生知识知晓现状和感知歧视体验状况及其相关因素。方法采用方便抽样法,运用精神卫生和心理保健知识问卷和Link的贬低-歧视感知量表,对海南省某省级精神病专科医院的253例精神分裂症患者家属进行调查。结果精神分裂症患者家属精神卫生和心理保健知识正确率为62.66%,重大精神卫生纪念日方面回答正确率低,为1.6%～7.9%,平均得分为（12.53±3.58）分;贬低-歧视感知平均得分为（2.74±0.52）分。多重线性回归分析发现,受教育程度、家庭居住地与精神卫生知识得分和贬低-歧视感知得分相关（P〈0.05）。此外,性别、职业也与贬低-歧视感知得分有关（P〈0.05）。结论精神分裂症患者家属具有较高水平的感知歧视体验,受教育程度低、居住在农村者是当前精神卫生知识宣传教育的薄弱人群环节。

Objective To understand the status of mental health awareness, perceived stigma and related factors among family members of patients with schizophrenia. Methods Convenient sampling method was used. Total 253 family members of patients with schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital in Hainan Province were surveyed by the mental health knowledge and perceived devaluation-discrimination scale developed by Link. Results The total awareness rate of mental health knowledge in family members of patients with schizophrenia was 62.66%, but the corresponding rate of commemoration days were relatively low（1.6%-7.9%）. The mean score of the mental health knowledge or the perceived devaluation-discrimination scale was（12.53±3.58） points,（2.74±0.52） points. Multiple regression analysis showed that education year, different residence areas were the influencing factors of the mental health knowledge scores and perceived devaluation-discrimination scale scores（P〈0.05）, and sex, occupation were also significantly associated with perceived devaluation-discrimination scale scores（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The family members of patients with schizophrenia suffered from high stigma. The propaganda and education of mental health among those who live in country and have low educational level is weak link.