我国义务教育阶段教师培训财政保障机制探究

An Inquiry in Financial Support System for Teacher Training in Chinese Compulsory Education

本研究利用在全国11个省市采集的数据,描述并分析了各级政府对义务教育阶段教师培训的投入现状以及培训费用在不同主体间的分担情况。研究发现,中央政府近年来加大了对义务教育阶段教师培训的经费投入,但地区经济发展水平差异导致中央财政不足以弥补地方教师培训发展不均衡的现状。地方各级财政投入存在差异,可大约分为4种类型:经费充足型、经费有保障型、国家资助型、经费缺乏型。近45%的被调查者认为,培训的个人经济支出负担过重,中西部省份教师认为经济支出负担过重的比例明显高于东部省份。基于以上研究结果,本文提出了改进我国义务教育阶段教师培训财政保障机制的若干建议,如继续加大中西部地区义务教育阶段教师培训的财政投入,建立针对农村教师专业发展全方位的财政保障机制,增加财政投入应该将提高培训效能作为重要目的,经费投入要兼顾教师工作现场学习的需求。

Abstract： Based on data collected from 11 provinces and municipalities in China, this research de scribes and analyses the financial investment in teacher training in compulsory education by different levels of governments and the distribution of expenses among different parties. It is found that the central government has increased its investment in recent years, but ean not meet the demands due to huge regional disparities. Four types of local financial investments in teacher training are identified： sufficiently supported, support guaranteed, nationally supported, financially lacking. About 45% of the subjects report that their personal expenses in the training are too heavy, and the teachers from the middle and western parts of China report heavier burden than those from the eastern part. Based on the above findings, this article gives some sug gestions for improvement, such as increasing financial support to teacher training in the middle and western parts of China, establishing an all rounded financial insurance mechanism for rural teach ers, basing financial investment on the improvement of training effectiveness as the main goal, and taking into consideration the needs of teachers＇ work ＇ place learning in making financial decisions.