山西太谷农村薪柴和蜂窝煤颗粒物和多环芳烃排放特征研究

Emission Factors of Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Residential Solid Fuels

测定并计算了太谷农村蜂窝煤和薪柴两种燃料颗粒物、CO、CH4和多环芳烃排放因子,其中多环芳烃包括16种美国环保局优控化合物、12种非优控母体多环芳烃、12种硝基多环芳烃和4种含氧多环芳烃。蜂窝煤4类多环芳烃化合物的排放因子分别为3.56±5.42、0.73±0.099、0.22±0.48和0.36±0.62 mg·kg-1,薪柴为62.6±41.3、20.4±3.61、4.44±6.18和0.84±1.00mg·kg-1。薪柴大多数污染物排放因子高于蜂窝煤,但蜂窝煤多环芳烃排放因子的变异则高于薪柴。蜂窝煤和薪柴多环芳烃排放因子的成分谱有显著差异,除菲、荧蒽和苯并(b)荧蒽为共同优势排放物外,萘、芴、屈和苯并(k)荧蒽为蜂窝煤的特征排放物,芘、环戊烯(c,d)芘和苯并[a]蒽为薪柴的特征排放物。3-硝基荧蒽与3-硝基菲和2-硝基萘分别是蜂窝煤与薪柴排放的主要硝基多环芳烃。母体多环芳烃排放因子的气固比主要受分子量(挥发性)影响,衍生多环芳烃则与取代基的性质有关。蜂窝煤燃烧前期母体多环芳烃的排放因子显著高于后期,两个阶段的总排放因子分别为9.52±12.3和2.54±2.42 mg·kg-1,衍生多环芳烃在两个阶段的差别小于母体多环芳烃。

Emission factors（EFs） of particulate matter（PM）, CO, CH4, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）for residential combustionof honeycomb briquette and firewood were measured in the field in a rural village of Shanxi.PAHs studied include 16 U.S. EPA priority pollutants, 12 non-priority parent PAHs, 12 nitro-PAHs, and 4 oxy-PAHs.The measured EFs of the four categories of PAHs were 3.56 ± 5.42, 0.73 ± 0.099, 0.22 ± 0.48, and 0.36 ± 0.62 mg·kg-1for honeycomb briquette and 62.6 ± 41.3, 20.4 ± 3.61, 4.44 ± 6.18, and 0.84 ± 1.00 mg·kg-1for firewood, respectively. EFs of the most measured pollutants for firewood were higher than those for coal briquette, while the variations in EFs for coal briquette were higher than those for firewood. Difference in composition profiles was identified. Dominant parent PAHs were phenanthrene, benzo（b）fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, chrysene, benzo（k）fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, retene, and fluoranthene for the coal briquette, and fluoranthene, pyrene, cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene, phenanthrene, benz（a）anthracene, and benzo（b）fluoranthene for the firewood. Particulate phase PAHs dominated the emission from both honeycomb briquette and firewood and it is particularly true for the latter. For parent PAHs, gaseous-particulate phase partition is mainly controlled by molecular weight, subsequently by volatility, of the compounds. On the other hand, the volatility are affected by the substituted groups for the derivative PAHs. In the honeycomb briquette＇s burning, emissions of PM and parent PAHs during the beginning phase（0-20 min） were significantly higher than the latter stage（ 20 min）, though the EFs of individual compounds are correlated to one another, showing similarity in composition profiles. On the other hand, the EFs of derivative PAHs were similar between the two stages.