波聚合体系、引发、过程及应用

Reaction System,Initiation,Process and Application of Frontal Polymerization

波聚合是一种通过局部反应区域向未反应区域连续移动将单体转化为聚合物的反应模式,具有简便快速、节能降耗和产物性能优异等优势,是化学合成、功能材料与结构材料制备的新方法。本文对波聚合反应体系、引发、过程、应用及存在问题等方面进行综述。重点评述了新型波聚合体系如二元或多元体系、离子液体体系、深共晶溶剂体系等;新型引发剂如光引发剂和离子液体引发剂等特殊引发剂;波聚合反应体系中的助剂如填料、交联剂、链转移剂、活化剂、增稠剂、表面活性剂和催化剂等对聚合过程和产物结构性能的影响;新发展的引发方式如紫外线、水、等离子体和耦合引发等;以及特殊波聚合过程。最后,展望了波聚合存在问题和商业化应用的研究方向。

Frontal polymerization （FP） is a synthesis process in which a localized reaction propagates directionally through the reactor. Compared with batch polymerization, FP is a simple, quick, energy-saving way to produce polymerization materials with distinctive properties. It is a new promising method for preparing functional materials and structural materials. In this paper, research progress on the reaction system, ignition, process, application and problems of FP are summarized. Some achievements of frontal polymerization in recent ten years are reviewed emphatically. Besides the free radical polymerization, there are more and more new frontal polymerization systems, such as binary-phase and multi-phase systems, ionic liquid monomer systems and deep eutectic solvents systems. More and more assistant agents, such as fillers, cross-linking agents, chain transfer agents, activators, thickening agents, surfactants and catalysts, are added to frontal polymerization and play an important role on the polymerization process and structure and property of polymers. New initiators, such as photo-initiators, ionic liquid initiators and other specially designed initiators, are described here. Newinitiation modes, such as UV, water, plasma and coupling ignition, are also discussed. Two new special processes of frontal polymerization are included. At last, the problems of frontal polymerization and the research area of commercializing the frontal polymerization are proposed.