质性研究方法在教育评估中的应用探索

Exploration of Qualitative Research Methods in Education Evaluation

从系统思维视角看,教育评估作为系统工程必须由三部分组成:一是"为何评估",二是"评估什么",三是"怎么评估"。中国高等教育质量保障即将走向第三轮评估,最关键的问题也逐渐聚焦于第三个层次的方法探索。本文在梳理国际教育评估方法背景的基础上,指出未来教育评估方法改革的取向是要把定量测评与质性考察紧密结合,特别强调加强质性评估方法的应用。基于云南省高等教育评估中心9年来对38所高职院校开展院校评估的理论与实践,作者进一步探讨文本分析法、比较法、观察法、焦点团体法以及深度访谈法等质性研究方法在教育评估中的应用,期望进一步完善与改进教育质量保障的评估方法。

From the systematical perspective, the educational evaluation system must consists of three parts： （1）why to evaluate; （2） what to evaluate; and （3） how to evaluate. The advanced quality assurance of Chinese higher education leads to the third round evaluation. The crucial issue gradually focuses on the evaluation method exploration. Based on an overview of the educational evaluation methods on the world, the present paper points out that the future reform of the evaluation method is to closely combine the quantitative evaluation with qualitative evaluation, strengthen the application of qualitative evaluation. On the foundation of 9-year evaluation to 38 higher vocational colleges completed by Yunnan Higher Education Evaluation Cen- ter, the authors further explore the qualitative evaluation methods, such as text analysis, comparison, observational survey, focus group and in-depth interview to further perfect and improve the quality assurance of higher education.