时间约束下鲜活农产品供应链应急协调数量折扣契约研究

Supply Chain Disruptions Coordination of Fresh Agricultural Products under Time Constraints with Quantity Discount Contracts

本文的目的就是针对一个由生产商和一个零售商构成的鲜活农产品供应链,在考虑损耗和新鲜度的影响下,研究数量折扣契约如何协调供应链应对突发事件。首先,给出了正常情况下供应链协调模型;然后,在突发事件引起市场需求、零售商订货成本和产品运输时间同时扰动情况下,讨论了突发事件对集权、分权供应链的影响。研究表明,集权供应链具有一定的鲁棒性,当突发事件造成市场需求、零售商订货成本和产品运输时间在一定范围内同时发生扰动时,其生产计划不需要调整,只需通过调整产品价格即可使集权供应链达到协调;对于分权供应链,根据三因素同时扰动的不同程度,通过调整数量折扣契约参数,可以实现对供应链的协调。最后给出数值算例验证了相关结论。

This paper studies a fresh and live agricultural product supply chain consisting of a producer and a retailer,and an optimal response to disruptions under quantity discount contract is presented with the consideration of product loss and freshness. Firstly,the coordination model under normal conditions is given. Then,the influence of disruptions on the mode of centralized and decentralized supply chain is discussed when demand and the order cost of the retailer and transport time of the product are fluctuated simultaneously by disruptions. The result shows that the centralized supply chain has some certain robustness. If the three factors above are fluctuated simultaneously in a not too large scope,the production plan of the centralized supply needn＇t to be adjusted,and the centralized supply can be coordinated only by adjusting the product price. To the decentralized supply,it can be coordinated always by adjusting the parameter of the quantity discount contract according to the three factors＇ different fluctuation degree.