西天山“亚洲金腰带”及其动力背景和成矿控制与找矿

Asian Gold Belt in western Tianshan and its dynamic setting,metallogenic control and exploration

天山西段,从乌兹别克斯坦向东,经吉尔吉斯斯坦到中国新疆西部,在中天山及南北缘巨型和世界级金矿集中产出,构成世人瞩目的巨型金成矿带,即"亚洲金腰带"。为什么能在这个东西延伸近2 500km的带状区域形成"亚洲金腰带"?成矿具有怎样的动力背景?受何要素控制又是怎样发生发展?"亚洲金腰带"内巨型和世界级金矿床主要产在乌兹别克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦,能否在新疆西天山实现金矿找矿重大突破?都是颇受关注的重大地质找矿问题。论文在较多学习前人成果并结合作者研究结果基础上,综述了"亚洲金腰带"动力背景和地质环境、金矿床基本特征,分析了成矿系统类型和关键控制,对接了新疆西天山与乌兹别克斯坦-吉尔吉斯斯坦的构造成矿带。研究认为Terskey洋和Turkestan-南天山洋的发生、发展和消亡是"亚洲金腰带"基本地球动力学背景;"亚洲金腰带"中巨型和世界级金矿分属造山型和斑岩型两个主要成矿系统,"古老地壳+构造变形+岩浆热液"是造山型金成矿关键控制和勘查准则,而成熟岛弧环境、深源岩浆浅成侵入、叠加复合长期成矿是斑岩型金成矿关键控制;中天山是"亚洲金腰带"的核心,自西而东从乌兹别克斯坦经吉尔吉斯斯坦到我国新疆西天山具有可对接和贯通性,"亚洲金腰带"向东延伸确切进入我国新疆西天山;新疆西天山那拉提山—额尔宾山一带的中天山及南北缘造山型金成矿要素齐全且配置好,有望实现金矿找矿重大突破。

In the western Tianshan, the giant and world-class gold deposits concentrating along the middle Tianshan and the both sides make up a giant gold metallogeny belt in the world, i.e. Asian Gold Belt, from Uzbekistan through Kyrgyzstan to western Xinjiang, China. Why the Asian Gold Belt was able to form along a zonal region of 2500 km in WE-direction？ What＇s the dynamic setting and the key to the metallogeny？ Whether the giant or world-class gold deposit can be discovered in western Xinjiang Tianshan although the most of them were found in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan？ All of these significant geological and exploration problems are paid much more attention. Based more on previous studies and on our present works, this research reviewed the dynamic setting and geological environments of the Asian Gold Belt and elementary characteristics of the gold deposits in the belt, analysed the metallogenie systems and their key controls, and realized the butt joint of the tectonic- and metallogenic-belts from western Xinjiang Tianshan through Kyrgyzstan to Uzbekistan. It was suggested that the producing, developing and closing of the Terskey and Turkestan-southern Tianshan oceans were the elementary dynamic setting of the Asian Gold Belt. There are two types of gold systems, i. e. orogenic gold and porphyry gold systems. The old crust, structure deformation and overprinting of magma hydrothermal fluid were the key to the orogenic gold mineralizations, and the matured arc, deep-source magma and long-living mineralization might he the key to the porphyry gold mineralization. The middle Tianshan is the core of the Asian Gold Belt and it is connected through by butted joint from Uzbekistan through Kyrgyzstan to western Xinjiang Tianshan, China. The Asian Gold Belt firmly enters into western Xinjiang Tianshan, China. The middle Tianshan and the both sides along Nalati - Erbin in western Xinjiang Tianshan shows a complete set of orogenic gold mineralization factors that are perfectly associated, where is hopefully to discover a giant or world-class gold deposit.