地下水污染风险评价研究综述

Review of Groundwater Pollution Risk Assessment

地下水资源在我国的城市供水中占有重要的地位,然而当今我国地下水污染的现象日趋严重,使得地下水污染风险评价工作已经成为一项不可或缺的研究工作,其评价成果对地下水污染防治工作的开展有着重要的指导意义。回顾了地下水污染风险的概念和评价方法的发展过程以及评价体系建立的具体步骤和内容等。以国内外现有的相关理论为依据,对地下水污染风险评价的主要组成内容——固有脆弱性评价、外界胁迫脆弱性评价、地下水价值功能评价进行了着重阐述,分别按照其特征进行了归纳,并对评价验证方法进行了概述。从模型的适用性、资料的全面性、成果的时效性、要素的合理性等角度总结了当前地下水污染风险评价研究中存在的问题,并提出了需深入研究的方向性建议。

Groundwater resources play an important role in urban water supply in China.However,groundwater has been increasingly polluted recently,thus risk assessment of groundwater pollution is indispensable as the risk assessment results could guide the prevention and control of groundwater pollution.In this paper,the development process of the concept of groundwater pollution risk and assessment methods was reviewed as well as the specific steps and contents for the development of assessment system.Based on the currently available theories,the main components of groundwater pollution risk assessment,including the intrinsic vulnerability assessment,stress vulnerability assessment,and groundwater value assessment,were demonstrated and summarized,and the verification methods of groundwater pollution risk assessment were also introduced.Finally,the existing problems in the current groundwater pollution risk assessment research were discussed from the perspectives of model applicability,data comprehensiveness,timeliness of the results,and rationality of the factors.In addition,some directional suggestions were proposed for further research.