华北平原地面沉降与深层地下水开采关系

Relationship Between Land Subsidence and Deep Groundwater Yield in the North China Plain

由于地下水的长期超量开采,华北平原已成为世界上超采地下水最严重、地下水降落漏斗面积最大、地面沉降面积最大、沉降类型最复杂的地区。本文利用GIS空间分析方法,分别对整个华北平原和沧州市的深层地下水开采量和沉降量进行对比分析,发现到2010年为止,华北平原年均沉降体积为10.73亿m3,同期深层水年均开采量大约为24.5～26.75亿m3,因此,华北平原地面沉降体积占深层水开采量的40.1%～43.8%,间接表明了深层水开采量中含水层和弱透水土层压密释水量所占比例;沧州地区1970年-2008年年均沉降体积约为1.98亿m3,深层地下水年均开采量为3.44亿m3,该区的沉降体积占深层水开采量的57.6%,远大于华北平原的计算结果,这与沧州地区的岩性结构和补给条件有关。

Due to long-term excessive groundwater exploitation,the North China Plain has become an area with the most excessive groundwater pumping,the largest area of groundwater depression cones and land subsidence,and the most complex subsidence type in the world.In this paper,GIS spatial analysis method was used to conduct comparative analysis of deep groundwater yield and land subsidence in the North China Plain and Cangzhou City.The results showed that the annual subsidence volume of the North China plain is 10.73×108 m3 until 2010while the annual deep groundwater yield is about 24.5×108～26.75×108m3.Therefore,the land subsidence volume accounted for 40.1%to 43.8%of deep groundwater yield in the North China Plain,indicating the proportion of released water from the compressibility of aquifer and the aquitard of the total deep groundwater yield.The annual subsidence volume was 1.98×108 m3 and the annual deep groundwater yield was about 3.44×108 m3 in Cangzhou region between 1970and 2008.The proportion of subsidence volume of total deep groundwater yield was 57.6%,which was much higher than that of the North China Plain and can be explained by the lithological structure and recharge conditions of deep groundwater in Cangzhou region.