生物靶向分子在肝细胞癌治疗中的作用

Effects of biological target molecules on development and treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

肝细胞癌是世界上最常见的、具有复杂分子发病机制的恶性肿瘤之一。目前研究认为,在肝癌发生过程中,早期主要由病毒感染、毒素(如酒精、黄曲霉素等)或代谢等因素引起肝脏机能发生一系列异常变化,以及单个或多个癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因突变造成。但这些都与重要的细胞信号通路改变密切相关。研究发现,关键信号通路的开发,对于肿瘤的治疗前景具有重要意义。目前为止,人们致力于通过对肿瘤作用机理及分子作用机制的研究,来研发相关的肿瘤靶向药物,而且主要瞄准这些通路在肝癌发生过程中的作用、变化特征及异常变化所导致的结果等方面。目前,多靶点、多抑制剂药物的开发已成为肿瘤药物研发的趋势,这对延长晚期患者的生存时间,开创了肝癌靶向治疗的新时代。本文对一些与肝癌相关的信号通路及相关的靶向治疗药物做一述评。还就已经完成的和正在进行的肝癌分子靶向治疗新药物做一概述,以供基础与临床研究参阅与借鉴。

Hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）is the most prevalent malignant tumor with a multifaceted molecular pathogenesis.Current evidences indicate the that critical factors are hepatitis infection,toxins（such as alcohol or aflatoxin）,metabolic influences,mutations occurring in single or multiple oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes during hepatocarcinogenesis.The factors are ultimately correlated with some signaling pathways.The current researches find that these signaling pathways are related to a therapeutic perspective,targeting which may help to reverse,delay or prevent tumorigenesis.The present review summaries some of the major pathways implicated in HCC.We also focus on the property of these pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis,signal alteration,and the consequences of these abnormalities.In the current studies,the exploitation of multiple targets and inhibited agents is a highly prevalent.The targeted agents can effectively prolong the survival time of advanced patients,which creates a new era of targeted therapy of HCC.In order to give the latest trends to readers,we review the new drugs to molecular targeted therapy of HCC.