“民主与独裁”:胡适对杜威“社群主义民主”的接受与调整

“Democracy or Dictatorship”: Hu Shi's Acceptance and Adjustment to Dewey's“Communitarian Democracy”

杜威的社群主义民主理想和设计深刻地影响了胡适30年代议政时期的政治态度。在《独立评论》"民主与独裁"的论争中,胡适一方面以其所接受的杜威的民主话语抗衡"独裁派",另一方面则迫于当时形势,不得不重新面对杜威思想中最核心的命题:社群民主与民族国家之间的矛盾,相比于杜威的理想化方案,胡适其时则选择了与对立派达成某种程度的和解,即将民主的效率寄托于政治改良。

This article considers that the democracy ideals and design of Dewey＇s＂communitarian democracy＂profoundly affected Hu Shi＇s attitude to participating in political affairs of the 1930s. In non- party person＇s democracy- or- dictatorship debate in Independent Review,Hu Shi countered＂authoritarians＂with his having accepted Dewey＇s democracy discourses,moreover the circumstances force him to review the core of Dewey＇s thoughts： the contradiction between communitarian democracy and nation and state; comparing to Dewey＇s choice of education as an idealist scheme,Hu Shi selected to reach an amicable settlement with rival factions to the content and responded democratic efficiency to political reformation.