企业周边地区土壤重金属环境质量及其影响因素的初探

The Research on the Soil Surroundings and the influence of Heavy Metal around the Enterprises

分别选取化工企业和金属采选与冶炼企业各4家,测定其周边土壤砷、镉、汞、铬和铅5个重金属含量,与其对照点相比,并进行单项和综合污染指数评价。结果表明:化工企业周边土壤无重金属超标点位,未出现累积现象;而在金属企业周边重金属污染物有累积趋势,在4个金属企业周边监测点镉和汞均较对照点高,2个金属企业分别有60%和80%的点位镉轻微超标,1个企业全部监测点位砷轻微超标,这3个企业综合污染评价为轻度污染。相对化工企业而言,金属冶炼企业重金属污染防治更加重要。土壤中重金属含量受自然成土因素影响,同时也受企业排放污染物类别和排放量等人为因素的影响。

This paper is based on 8 enterprises＇surrounding situations, 4 chemical enterprises, and the others are the ones for metal acquisition and melting. Determine the content of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, chromium and lead, and make some comments both on each element and comprehensive pollution index, in comparison with control points. It turns out that heavy metals in soil are at normal levels, but accumulation of related pollutions presents an increasing trend, especially in cadmium and mercury. There are 60% and 80% respectively of the two enterprises for metal, have exceeded cadmium standard; one examined enterprise is below the standard in arsenic; as a result, verdict of these are shghtly pollution. To chemical enterprise , prevention measurements seem more important to those enterprises whose main business is metal melting. In brief, the content of heavy metal in soil is affected both by nature and anthropogenic factors, such as pollutant