重庆市小学五年级学生膳食营养状况调查

Investigation on diet and nutritional status of the grade 5 primary school students in Chongqing City

目的分析重庆市小学五年级11岁学生生长发育与膳食营养摄入情况。方法根据经济发展水平的差异将重庆市划分为主城区、东北翼和东南翼三个片区,用整群分层随机抽样方法,选取2014名小学五年级11岁学生,测量身高、体重、上臂围和皮褶厚度,24 h回顾法进行膳食调查。结果主城区11岁男女学生身高均显著高于东北翼和东南翼地区(P<0.05),男生体重显著高于两翼地区男生(P<0.05),而东南翼女生体重和上臂围均显著低于主城区女生(P<0.05)。主城区学生人日均摄入肉类、奶类、鱼虾类、蔬菜以及水果的数量高于东南翼和东北翼的学生,但摄入粮谷类的数量比其他地区低(P<0.05),与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐的食物数量相比较,重庆市学生摄入的鱼虾类、蔬菜类、水果类和奶类都还明显不足。各地区相同性别学生能量摄入差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),维生素A、钙和锌摄入严重不足。结论主城区男女学生生长发育水平高于两翼地区,重庆市经济欠发达地区小学五年级学生膳食营养状况不理想,应采取有效措施积极改善学生膳食营养摄入。

Objective To investigate the diet and nutritional status of the grade 5 primary school 11 years old students in Chongqing City. Methods According to the differences in the levels of economic development, Chongqing mainly divided into main city, Southeast and Northeast areas. Altogether 2014 students were randomly selected from the three areas of Chongqing City by stratified cluster random sampling survey. Their height, weight, upper arm circumference and skin-fold thickness were examined. Their food consumption and intake of nutrients were investigated by 24 hours recall method. Results The height of the same sex students and the weight of boys in main city area of Chongqing were significantly higher than that in Southeast and Northeast of Chongqing（P〈0.05）. The weight and upper arm circumference of girls in Southeast of Chongqing were significantly lower than that in main city area of Chongqing（P〈0.05）.The same sex students in main city area of Chongqing ate more meat, fish, milk, fruits and vegetables, and less cereal grains than those in Southeast and Northeast of Chongqing（P 0.05）. The consumption of fish, vegetables, fruits and milk in Chongqing students was significantly less than the recommended amount of balance diet pagoda. The intake of energy in the same sex students had no statistically significance in different areas（P〉0.05）. The intake of vitamin A,calcium and zinc was not enough. Conclusion The growth and development of the grade 5 primary school students in main city of Chongqing is best than that in the Southeast area and Northeast area of Chongqing. The food consumption patterns are unbalance. The intake of some nutrients is inadequate. The growth and nutritional status of the grade 5 primary school students in Chongqing are essential to be improved.