知识产权领域反垄断的政策选择——知识产权与反垄断法关系理论视角下的分析

Policy Options of Antitrust in the Field of Intellectual Property——An Analysis from the Perspective of Theory on the Relationship Between Intellectual Property Rights and Anti-trust Law

由于知识产权本身蕴含着效率、秩序、正义、安全、自由等多元法价值,关乎权利人、非权利人、社会、国家等多元主体利益,涉及知识的生产、增长、传播、应用等多个环节,从而使人们不得不面对知识产权领域反垄断多元政策目标取舍与选择的难题。而知识产权与反垄断法之间的相互关系问题作为处理知识产权领域反垄断的理论根基,对知识产权领域反垄断的政策选择产生重要影响。就知识产权领域反垄断的传统政策而言,无论是早期建立在"知识产权优位理论"之上的完全放任政策,还是此后建立在"反垄断法优位理论"之上的严厉管制政策,都体现出将知识产权与反垄断法的关系置于"分立"或"对立"状态这一共同特点。然而,在知识经济条件下,强调知识产权与反垄断法之间功能互补性特征的理论新发展,推动知识产权领域反垄断政策由传统的要么完全放任要么严厉管制的极端政策开始转向更具理性与弹性的新政策——宽容规制政策。但中国目前所处的发展阶段与具体国情决定了我们不应追随"宽容规制"这一发达国家的政策潮流,而应对知识产权领域反垄断采取适度严厉政策,并据此构建适度严厉的知识产权垄断法律控制制度。

As intellectual property itself contains the values of efficiency, order, justice, security, freedom and relates to the interests of such plural subject as the obliges, the non- rights holders, society, nation, etc. , involving some aspects of the production of knowledge, growth, dissemination, and application, one has to face the choice and selection problems of antitrust multiple policy objectives in the field of intellectual property. The mutual relations between intellectual property and antitrust laws as theoretical foundation of in-tellectual property rights field with anti-monopoly have an important impact on the held ot intellectual property antitrust and its policy options. Traditional antitrust policies in the intellectual property field, whether the early laissez-faire policy based on the ＂intellectual property rights superior theory＂ or the severe-control policy derived from the ＂anti-monopoly superior theory＂, all reflect the relationship between Intellectual Property and Antitrust Law in terms of either the ＂separation＂ or ＂confrontation＂ state. However, in the knowledge economy, the emphasis on the new theoretical development of functional complementarity between intellectual property and antitrust laws has transformed the extreme tradi- tional approach, either the completely laissez-faire or severe control policy, to a more rational and flexible new policy -the tolerance regulation policy. But China＇s current stage of development and the specific conditions have suggested that we should not follow the current trend of ＂tolerance regulation＂ policies in developed countries. By contrast, we should take the moderately severe control policy in the field of intellectual property right antitrust, and hereby establish a moderately severe iatellectual property monopoly and law control system.