论不循规旅客的处罚和《东京公约》现代化

On the Punishment of Unruly Passenger and the Modernization of Tokyo Convention

随着不循规旅客事件的不断增加,国际航空界要求加强依法惩处不循规旅客的呼声也日益增强。同《海牙公约》和《蒙特利尔公约》相比,《东京公约》是最适宜调整不循规乘客处罚的国际条约。但是,面对不循规旅客事件的新发展,《东京公约》也暴露出对"犯罪"和"行为"缺乏清晰定义,"飞行中"区间界定导致管辖期间出现空白,主权国家管辖权漏洞,以及引渡条款缺失等瑕疵,不能有效规制不循规乘客。鉴于此,国际社会应当从设立犯罪和不循规行为清单,对"飞行中"做出同其他公约相一致的定义,扩大管辖权基础,补充有关移交和引渡的规定等方面对《东京公约》进行现代化。

Incident involving unruly/disruptive persons on board/aircraft is one growing concern of aviation industry. Compared with the Hague Convention and the Montreal Convention, the Tokyo Convention is the convention which is more suitable to deal with the punishment of unruly/disruptive passengers. But, the Tokyo Convention is challenged by the development of the incidents involving unruly and disruptive passengers on board/aircraft. The existing international legal regime should be revisited to address apparent flaws relating to the lack of definition of ＂offence＂ or ＂act＂, flaws of definition of ＂inflight＂, gap of ju risdiction and imperfect arrangement of extradition. The following actions could be taken during the modernization of the Tokyo Convention to resolve the aforesaid problems ： 1. a list of offences and unruly/disruptive acts; 2. Redefining ＂inflight＂; 3. recognizing the following jurisdictions of the states of the operator and landing; 4. applying the principle of ＂aut dedere aut judicare＂, so the state parties undertake to either extradite an offender found in their territory or submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution.