养老保险与中国老年人的家庭照料

On the Endowment Insurance and the Family Eldercare in China

运用中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）2011～2012年的基线调查数据，主要验证养老保险这一重要的经济地位因素对老年人获得家庭照料的影响。研究发现：是否领取养老金对老年全体获得家庭照料没有显著的影响，但是对城镇老年人获得家庭照料具有显著的正影响；不同的养老保险类型是影响老年人能够获得家庭照料的真正原因。正是养老待遇城乡的不均等性，使得领取养老金变量在老年人获得家庭照料上呈现城乡差异。因此，促进家庭照料的供给．要提高农村老年人的养老金待遇水平，逐步实现养老保险的城乡一体化。

The baseline data during 2011--2012 of China health and retirement longitudinal study-（CHARLS） is adopted to test how great influence would be exerted by such a significant economic factor--the endowment insurance on the family eldercare. It is found that having pensions or not would exert little influence on family cares for all the elderly while it would exert relatively stronger positive influence on that for the elderly in urban areas. The difference in kinds of endowment insurance really determines whether the elderly may enjoy the family cldercare. It is the disparities of the eldercare between rural areas and urban areas that contribute greatly to the rural-urban difference of the family eidercare caused by the pension variables. Therefore, pensions in rural areas should be increased and the rural-urban integration of endowment insurance should be generally encouraged to guarantee the supply of family eldercare.