活动理论视角下MOOC学习活动设计研究

Research on Learning Activity Design for MOOC from the Perspective of Activity Theory

活动理论强调教学活动过程的实施要以学习者的学习活动为中心,学习活动的设计对于信息技术环境下学生的学习效果和效率有着重要影响。大规模在线开放课程(MOOC)作为一种新的在线教育模式,实践了以学习者为中心的教学理念,革命性地颠覆了传统课堂的组织与管理方式。与传统网络课程相比,MOOC更强调教学模式的完整性,并以优质的教育资源和良好的师生交互点燃了国内外众多学习者的参与热情。为此,通过以活动理论为指导,结合学习活动设计的基本框架和MOOC的特点,分析MOOC学习活动的类型、学习资源和环境、学习者角色以及分布于社会网络中的交互信息等因素,尝试构建一个MOOC环境下学习活动设计模式,为MOOC课程在国内的设计和开发,提供理论框架和实践参考。

As a new mode of online education, massive open online course （MOOC） puts a learner-centered teaching philosophy into practice, and subverts the organization and management of traditional classroom. Compared to traditional online course, MOOC puts more emphasis on the integrity of the teaching mode. Furthermore, MOOC ignites the enthusiasm of many learners participating in courses at home and abroad for its high-quality educational resources and efficient teacher-student interaction. Activity theory emphasizes learner-centered learning activities during the implementation of the teaching process and the design of learning activity has an important influence on learner＇s learning effectiveness and efficiency in the information technology environment. The principles of activity theory are related to the general characteristics of MOOC. Under the guidance of activity theory, the article analyzes the types of learning activities, learning resources, social environment, the role of learners, the distribution of knowledge in social network and information exchange practices and other factors in MOOC. Then, a learning activity design pattern in a MOOC environment is built, which tries to provide a theoretical framework and practical reference for the design and development of MOOC.