少耕留茬小麦间作玉米的耗水特性

Characteristics of water consumption of wheat /maize intercropping system with reduced tillage and straw mulching

2009—2010年,通过大田试验,在不同灌水梯度下,研究了少耕和秸秆覆盖对小麦间作玉米产量、耗水特性及水分利用效率的影响,旨在为高效节水间作技术体系的构建提供新思路。研究表明：间作处理的土地当量比（LER）为1.46-1.56,间作优势明显;高灌水平与低、中灌水平相比,少耕留茬间作及传统间作中,玉米组分经济产量平均提高44.4%和9.31%,小麦组分经济产量平均提高10.22%和2.36%;少耕留茬显著提高了小麦间作玉米播种前和收获后0-120 cm土层平均贮水量。少耕留茬、间作及灌水量均是影响小麦、玉米耗水量的主导因子,将少耕留茬集成于间作,并结合中灌水处理,为提高小麦、玉米WUE的最优组合。

During the year of 2009 to 2010,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of reduced tillage and straw mulching on yield,water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency（ WUE） of wheat /maize intercropping system under different irrigation levels,aiming at providing new ideas for the establishment of efficient water-saving intercropping technical systems. The results showed that the land equivalent ratio（ LER） of intercropping was between 1. 46 and 1.56,and the advantage of intercropping was remarkable. Compared to the low and intermediate irrigation levels,the economic yield of mazie under high irrigation level was increased by 44. 4% and 9. 31% in average,and that of wheat under high irrigation level was increased by 10. 22%and 2. 36% in average in intercropping with and without reduced tillage and straw mulching. The average soil water storage before sowing and after harvest stages of wheat /maize intercropping system in 0 - 120 cm profile was significantly improved by reduced tillage and straw mulching. Reduced tillage and straw mulching,intercropping,and irrigation level were all the dominant factors affecting water consumption of wheat and maize. The optimum combination to improve WUE of wheat and maize was to adopt the integrated technology of reduced tillage and straw mulching,intercropping,and intermediate irrigation level.