PAM与尿素混施对渭北旱塬苹果生长及产量品质的影响

Effects of PAM mixed with urea on apple yield and quality in Weibei rainfed highland

为深入了解保水剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)在旱地果园中的作用和效果,确定田间应用技术参数,以生长17 a的富士苹果树为试材,采用二因素四水平完全随机设计,研究了PAM与尿素混施对渭北旱塬土壤及苹果树生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:新梢生长量、单果重和果实横径随着尿素施用量的增加而增大,百叶重和产量随着尿素施用量的增加先增大后减小;新梢生长量、单果重、果实横径和产量随着PAM用量的增加总体上表现出先增大后减小的趋势,并在PAM为0.25 kg·株-1水平表现出最大值;果实中含酸量在PAM为0.15 kg·株-1水平下相对较低。综上,在渭北旱塬苹果园推广PAM与尿素混施时,推荐PAM与尿素最佳配比为尿素1.36 kg·株-1、PAM0.25 kg·株-1。

With the purpose of understanding the effect of PAM in dryland orchard,and defining its technical parameters for field application in Weibei rainfed highland.,this study used the 17-year-old fuji apple trees as test material,employing completely randomized design with two factors and four levels,with emphasis on the effects of PAM mixed with urea on apple yield and quality. The results showed that the shoot length,single fruit weight and the fruits＇ transect diameter increased with the increase of urea amount. The weight of 100 leaves and the fruit yield increased at first,and then decreased with the increase of urea amount. The shoot length,single fruit weight,the fruits＇ transect diameter and the fruit yield increased at first,peaked at 0. 25 kg per plant,and then decreased with the increase of PAM amount. The acid content was lower at the rate of 0. 15 kg PAM per plant. Accordingly,we suggest that the suitable ratio of PAM and urea be 0. 25 kg and 1. 36 kg per plant,respectively.