保护性耕作燕麦田杂草综合控制研究

Weeding effects of integrated control in oat field with conservation tillage

采用定点观察与踏查相结合的方法,调查了保护性耕作燕麦田的杂草种类及危害特点;设置化学单因素和多因素除草、机械除草、农业措施控草、人工除草、机械+化学除草及综合除草6个大处理,37个小处理,研究了保护性耕作燕麦田杂草综合防除的效果和草害水平。结果表明:保护性耕作燕麦田主要分布的杂草有6科14种,其中藜、猪毛菜和狗尾草为主要危害杂草,其发生时间主要在5月中旬—6月中上旬;不同措施对保护性耕作燕麦田杂草的防除效果差异明显,其对杂草的防除效果依次为综合除草>人工除草>机械+化学除草>化学多因素除草>化学单因素除草>机械除草>不同覆盖度控草>不同播量控草>耕作制度控草>不同播期控草。

The experiment was carried out to study the influences of density of various weeds on yield of oat under different conservation tillage,to understand the harmfulness level of weeds and the effects of integrated control. There were 6 categories of treatments,including single-factor or multiple-factor chemical control,mechanical control,agronomic control,manual control,mechanical ＋ chemical control and integrated control,and 37 concrete treatments. The growth and harmfulness characteristics of weeds in oat field with conservation tillage were observed. The results indicated that there were mainly 6 families or 14 varieties of weeds in oat field with conservation tillage,in which Chenopodium album L.,Salsola collina Pall. and Setaria viridis（ L.） Beauv. were the most harmful weeds occurring mainly between mid May and early June. There were remarkable differences of weed control effects among different measures. The weed control effects of different measures were ordered as： integrated control manual control mechanical ＋ chemical control multiple-factor chemical control single-factor chemical control mechanical control different coverage different sowing amount farming system different sowing time.