甘肃陇东苹果春季生长对终霜冻变化的响应特征

The response characteristics of apple growth in spring to variation of latest frost in east Gansu Province

使用位于黄土高原中部的甘肃西峰农业气象试验站苹果观测资料和当地平行气象资料,分析了春季终霜冻和苹果生长发育对气候变暖的响应特征。结果表明:1984年以来,春季终霜日期提前的气候趋势比较明显,速率为3.2 d·10a-1,终霜日地面最低温度表现为波动变化,个别年份出现反常的重霜冻灾害;终霜冻过程的持续日数表现出阶段性增加规律,地面最低温度负积温在反常年份2005—2006年有增强变化;1984年以来苹果开花盛期以5.9 d·10a-1的速率极显著提前,1998年以来提前趋势更加明显,1998—2012年平均开花盛期比1984—1997年提前10 d。气候持续变暖,苹果开花盛期提前的速率明显大于终霜日提前的速率,表明苹果花蕾出现至开花盛期遭受春季终霜冻危害的气候风险在增大。

Based on the meteorological data and the experimental data of apple at Agro-meteorological Experiment Station of Xifeng which located in the middle part of Loess Plateau,the response characteristics of latest frost and apple growth in spring to climate warming were analyzed. The results showed that the date of latest frost advanced obviously in spring by 3. 2 days every ten years. But the variation range of minimum temperature on ground surface in latest frost days became large and the abnormally serious frost disasters happened in a few years. The lasting days of latest forest process showed a periodic increase trend and the negative accumulated minimum temperature on ground surface increased in the abnormal years of 2005 and 2006. The full bloom stage of apple advanced by 5. 9 days every ten years since 1984 at P 0. 001 probability level,and it advanced even more remarkably after1998. The full bloom stage during 1998 to 2012 was 10 days earlier than that during 1984 to 1997. Along with the development of climate warming,the advancing rate of full bloom stage was obviously more than that of latest forest date. Therefore,the risk of freezing injury during squaring to full bloom stage of apple was increasing.