不同种类蔬菜对土壤重金属的富集差异

Enrichment Difference of Different Types of Vegetables to Heavy Metals

为探索重金属含量超标的耕地种植蔬菜的可行性,通过田间种植对比试验,分析了Cd、Hg、As、Pb超标土壤上12个蔬菜品种中的重金属含量,并对污染程度进行了评价。结果表明:黄瓜、芹菜分别对Hg、Cd的富集能力最强,各类蔬菜均对As和Pb富集能力较弱。黄瓜、大白菜、生菜、萝卜和棒豆中Cd的单因子污染指数分别为3.260、3.140、2.900、2.520和1.900,达中度及以上污染水平;Hg达到重度污染水平以上的蔬菜品种有芹菜、萝卜、胡萝卜、茄子、生菜、丝瓜和大白菜;As和Pb均达清洁水平,对不同蔬菜品种质量均无显著影响。在As、Pb含量超标的耕地上,这12类蔬菜均可种植;在Cd含量超标的耕地上,建议种植胡萝卜、芹菜、茄子、豇豆、莴苣和丝瓜;在Hg含量超标的土壤上,建议种植豇豆、棒豆和辣椒。

To explore the feasibility of planting vegetaldes on the land with heavy metal content above the national standard,a field contrast experiment was conducted to analyze the contents of heavy metals （Cd,Hg,As,Pb）in 12 vegetable variety samples planted in soils with heavy metals exceed standard,and the pollution levels were evaluated in the paper.The results indicated that cucumber had the strongest enrichment capacity for Cd,celery had the strongest enrichment capacity for Hg,all vegetables had weak enrichment capability on As and Pb.Single factor pollution index Cd in cucumber,cabbage,lettuce, radish and kidney beans were 3.260,3.140,2.900,2.520,and 1.900,respectively,which were moderate and above pollution level.Hg reached severe and above polluted in celery,radish,carrot,eggplant, lettuce loofah,and cabbage.Whereas,both As and Pb had no significant effect on quality in different vegetable varieties,which reached clean level.Therefore,it was suggested that under the detection of heavy metal contents in the soil,and according to the differences of heavy metal absorption in different vegetables,selectively plant different vegetables types to avoid the exceed of heavy metal contents,and to expand the planting areas of vegetables in Guizhou.