学科知识网络实证研究(Ⅳ)合作网络的结构与特征分析

Scientific Knowledge Networks in LIS(Ⅳ):Investigation on the Structure and Characteristics of Cooperation Networks

科研活动里的合作现象越来越成为一种全球范围内的大趋势，表现在论文产出中是作者间的合著率在过去的100多年内越来越高，同时这种活动中的合作关系也越来越复杂。本文以图书馆与情报学领域内的论文合著为例，主要针对科研合作网络展开研究，生成了以合著论文里文献生产者共现为特征的合作矩阵与网络，并验证了作者合作网络的无标度特征。本文将合作网络具体细化为三种类型：作者合作网络、机构合作网络和国家合作网络，并将这三种网络使用复杂网络与社会网络技术结合进行分析并作了横向对比。结果发现图书馆与情报学领域内的作者合作网络是非连通的稀疏网络，科学家之间已成多个研究社团，机构与国家合作网络都有较短的平均路径、较高的网络密度和集聚系数。论文最后还对目前常用的合作网络研究方法进行了反思和展望。

Collaboration efforts in research activities is increasingly becoming a worldwide trend, which was reflected in the ratio for collaborators＇ proportions in all the research paper＇s communities higher and higher in the past one hundred years, while the relationship in such activities becomes increasingly complex. In this paper, taking the cooperation phenomenon in the field of library and information science as an example, the scientific collaboration networks was mainly explored, the co-occurrence matrix characterized by cooperation networks was produced, and the author scale-free networks phenomena was verified. Then the knowledge networks were defined clearly as author cooperation networks, institutions cooperation networks and national cooperation networks, all these three networks were studied with complex networks and social network technologies analysis under a comparison perspective. The results showed that the cooperation networks in the field of library and information science is of non-sparse network connectivity, they performed a plurality of associations between scientists, institutions and nations with a shorter average path, higher network density and clustering coefficient. At last a thoroughly reflection and research prospect on cooperation networks were proposed.