近10年黄果树景区的景观格局变化

Changes on Landscape Pattern in Recent 10 Years in Huangguoshu Scenic Region

为了给黄果树景区土地利用规划决策提供参考,以2000年、2005年、2010年的黄果树景区的遥感影像数据为基础,采用面向对象的遥感解译分类方法对3期影像进行解译,得到黄果树景区3期景观类型分布图。同时,以景观生态学为理论基础,选取10个景观格局指数对黄果树景区近10年的景观格局变化进行综合分析。结果表明:2000-2010年,黄果树景区景观格局变化较大,主要表现在城镇建设用地、其他林地和草地面积的增长,耕地面积减少;景观聚集度指数降低,分离度指数、香农多样性和均匀度指数增加,景观继续破碎化,但恶化进程减缓;斑块数、斑块密度增加,平均斑块面积减少,周长-面积分维数趋于稳定,2005-2010年间的变化小于2000-2005年。黄果树景区景观格局的变化,与城镇建设、景区基础设施建设,以及退耕还林还草、石漠化治理等生态工程的开展等密不可分。

To provide a reference for Huangguoshu scenic region of the decision-making behavior in land use planning,based on the remote sensing image in 2000,2005 and 2010,the distribution map of landscape pattern was obtained after interpreting the three images by remote sensing interpretation method.At the same time,the landscape pattern variation was comprehensively analyzed by using ten indexes taking landscape ecology as the theoretical basis.Results：the landscape pattern varied much during 2000-2010,urban construction land,other forest land and grassland increased while arable land decreased;aggregation index decreased,resolution index,shanon diversity and evenness index increased, the landscape fragmentation increased,while the deteriorating process slowed down;Number of patches and patch density increased,the average patch area decreased,perimeter-area dimension tended to be stable,the changes during 2005 - 2010 was less than that during 2000 - 2005.The landscape pattern variation had close relationship with ecological engineerings including urban construction,infrastructure construction,returning farmland to forests or grassland and treatment of stony desertification.