发展权视角下农地征收补偿研究

A Study on the Compensation of Farmland Expropriation from a Perspective of Development Value

实现公平补偿是解决农地征收中现存问题并促进社会经济健康稳定发展的重要途径,欲达公平补偿之目的,必须明析农地价值内涵、科学测算农地价值并进而确定合理的补偿标准,然后将之在征收中各利益相关方之间合理分配。本文研究表明,农地价值包括经济价值(现状用途经济价值和发展权价值)、社会价值、生态价值。农地价值各构成部分的测算应据其特点选用合适的方法,如发展权价值可以农地用途转换后的价值减去现状用途经济价值和公共投资成本获得。合理的补偿标准应包含农地价值各构成部分。生态价值和粮食安全价值补偿给国家,现状用途经济价值在集体和失地农民之间分配,发展权价值在国家、集体和失地农民之间分配,具体分配情况因农业内部安置和脱农安置两种不同的假设前提而异。

The implementation of fair compensation is an important way to solve the existing problems in land expropriation and promote the healthy and stable development of social economy. To achieve a goal of fair compensation,we must clarify farmland value connotation,scientific measurement of farmland value and go further to determine the reasonable compensation standard before making reasonable distribution between various stakeholders. Studies show that farmland value includes economic value( economic value for current use and development value),social value( value of food security) and ecological value. The measurement on components of farmland value should be flexible and appropriate according to their characteristics,for example,the right of development can be achieved in the way that converted value of agricultural land use minus the present use of economic value and public investment cost. Reasonable compensation standard should include each component of land value. Ecological value and food security value compensation must belong to the state. Economic value for current use must be distributed between the collective and peasants who lost the land. Meanwhile the development value should be distributed between the state,the collective and land losers. Specific distribution varies from two hypotheses of internal agricultural resettlement and off farm resettlement.