广州市黄埔区2013年登革热流行病学分析及防控效果

Epidemiological analysis of dengue fever and evaluation on the effectiveness of its prevention and control measures in Huangpu District,Guangzhou City in 2013

目的分析广州市黄埔区2013年登革热流行病学特征,评价综合预防控制措施的效果,为今后登革热预防控制工作提供参考依据。方法收集黄埔区2013年登革热疫情资料和蚊媒监测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析其流行因素和特征,用发病率、二代发病率、流行持续时间、布雷图指数评价综合防控措施的效果。结果 2013年,黄埔区共发生登革热病例28例,年发病率6.11/10万;疫情涉及到7个街道17个社区居委,病例主要集中在鱼珠街和黄埔街,占总病例数的64.29%;发病高峰在9月下旬;男女性别间发病率差异无统计学意义,发病率以中壮年及60岁组老年人群较高,职业以工人和家务及待业为主;临床症状均为轻型,75.00%的病例表现典型登革热症状;采集病例血标本检测,11例登革热IgM抗体和IgG抗体阳性、12例IgM抗体阳性,5例登革热病毒核酸阳性,其中1例分离出登革热Ⅱ型病毒,其余分离出Ⅰ型病毒;疫情处理初期,各疫点布雷图指标大于5,外环境标准间指数大于1,经采取综合防控措施后,75.00%的疫点一周内两个指数均控制在安全范围,疫情得到有效控制。结论 2013年黄埔区登革热呈多点散发的低强度流行态势,流行病学特征及临床特征与广东省、广州市的一致,流行病毒型别为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型登革热病毒并存;经政府重视,多部门合作,动员社会参与,采取综合防控措施后,疫情得到有效控制,防控效果较显著。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Huangpu District, Guangzhou City in 2013, to assess the effectiveness of comprehensive prevention and control measures, and to provide a reference basis for dengue fe- ver prevention and control. Methods We collected the data on dengue fever outbreaks and mosquito surveillance in Huangpu District in 2013. The epidemiological factors and characteristics of dengue fever outbreaks were analyzed by descriptive epidemio- logical method, and the effectiveness of comprehensive prevention and control measures was evaluated by the incidence, the inci- dence of the second generation, popular duration and Bretu index. Results There were 28 cases of dengue fever reported in Huangpu District in 2013, with an annual incidence of 6.11/100,000, involving 7 streets and 17 communities. The cases were mainly concentrated in Yuzhu Street and Huangpu Street, accounting for 64.29 % of the total cases. The incidence peak was in late September. No statistically significant difference was found between the incidence of male and female cases. The incidence of middle - aged groups and elderly population aged 60 years was higher. Most cases were workers and unemployed people. The clinical symptoms of the cases were mild, and 75 % cases showed typical symptoms of dengue fever. The detection results of blood specimens collected from the 28 cases showed that 11 cases were found positive for immunoglobulin （Ig） M and IgG antibodies to Dengue virus, 12 positive for IgM antibody and 5 positive for nucleic acids of Dengue virus, including 1 case of Dengue virus type II and 4 cases of Dengue virus type I. The Breteau index was greater than 5 and the external environment standard index was greater than 1 in each epidemic point in the early epidemic control. After taking comprehensive prevention and control measures, the two indexes were controlled in the range of security in 75 % of the epidemic points within one week, and the dengue fever outbreaks were effectively controlled. Conclusions The dengue fever outbreaks in Huangpu District in 2013 were in multi - point sporadic low- intensity epidemic situation, and their epidemiological and clinical characteristics were similar to those in Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City, involving the prevalent Dengue viruses types I and II. After attaching great impor- tance to dengue fever, adopting multi- sector cooperation, mobilizing social participation and taking comprehensive prevention and control measures, the dengue fever outbreaks have been effectively controlled.