论西藏牧区社会变迁对高原生态的影响——以藏南牧区为例

On the Influence of Social Chang of Pastoral Areas in Tibet on the Plateau Ecology

被誉为"中华水塔"的青藏高原在国家生态安全战略中具有十分重要的地位。自20世纪80年代以来,国家出台了一系列政策措施治理不断恶化的牧区环境,但由于多种原因,治理效果不甚理想。对此,有些学者提出了自下而上的环境治理路径,强调牧民社区与地方性知识的重要性。我们以藏南牧区为考察对象,通过探讨牧区社会变迁与高原生态环境之间存在的内在联系,阐述环境问题的复杂性,并在总结历史经验的基础上,尝试提出了将跨行政边界的一定区域作为环境治理单位的可能性。

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, named ＂the Water Tower of China＂ ,plays an important role in the national ecological security strategy. Since 1980s, our country has taken a series of policy measures to improve the deteriorating environment of pastoral areas. However, it is not effective because of different reasons. Some scholars put forward the top-down model to govern the environment, and emphasize the importance of herdsman community and local knowledge. To take the south of Tibet as the inspection object, this paper investigates the internal relations between social change of pastoral areas and plateau ecological environment and demonstrates the complicity of environmental problems. Based on the historical experiences, it tries to put forward the possibility to make certain area as a unit of environment governance.